PDF Info-dictionary dates use the format
"D:YYYYMMDDHHmmSS+HH'mm'" (PDF spec, section 7.9.4 - a
superset of ISO 8601). This helper extracts the date and time
fields and returns UTC POSIXct; the timezone offset suffix is
currently ignored (the date is treated as UTC). Truncated
strings (e.g. "D:2024") parse to the longest valid prefix.